Development and practice of national first-class undergraduate course "bioengineering equipment" / 生物工程学报

As a strategic emerging industry of China, the biotechnology industry develops rapidly in recent years, which significantly increased the demand for creative and capable talents. As a core curriculum of bioengineering specialty, biotechnology equipment plays an important role in fostering such talents. To address the problems in biotechnology equipment course teaching such as limited equipment availability, limited engineering practice, and lack of learning motivations, curriculum reform and optimization were performed based on curriculum resource development, virtual reality-physical combined engineering training, and boosting learning motivations. The optimized teaching contents focus on fostering morality, intelligence, and creative practice abilities by connecting new requirements of social development, introducing new progress in biotechnology research, as well as new practices in research and development (R & D). Measures such as teaching methods innovation, assessment and evaluation methods optimization, cutting-edge R & D progress, diverse resources integration, and online-offline combined teaching, were developed to boost the learning motivation and foster the innovation competence of students. By above exploration and practice, the practice and innovation competence of students were significantly enhanced.

The grey area of HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in blood screening laboratory / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the necessity and rationality of setting 0.8 CO of the gray area of hepatitis B surface antigen(ELISA) reagent in our laboratory. 【Methods】 1) 792 samples of serum plates from the Clinical Laboratory Centre, Ministry of Health (NCCL) were tested by two HBsAg ELISA reagents. The true positive rate, and confirmed positive rate of gray area samples revealed by 2 reagents were calculated. ROC curve was drawn to determine the best CO value of 2 reagents. The changes in sensitivity and specificity under different CO values were compared. 2) Based on previous data, the HBV-DNA-yield rate among HBsAg gray area samples was analyzed, and the relationship between the distribution of ELISA results of solo HBV-DNA positive samples and gray area was analyzed. 【Results】 Of the 792 samples that form NCCL, 587 were positive, 197 negative and 8 indeterminate. The true positive detection rates of reagents A and B were 82.45% and 71.89%. The confirmed positive rate of gray area samples given by 2 reagents were 94.74%(18/19)and 93.10%(27/29). The best CO values of reagents A and B are 0.49 and 0.27, which are both lower than the 0.8. The specificity corresponding to the best CO values of the two reagents decreased slightly, but the sensitivity increased greatly. From January 2015 to January 2019, 183 551 samples were tested. Of the 13 cases of HBsAg gray area samples, 7 were revealed by reagent A and 1 was positive for NAT; 6 were revealed byreagent B and all negative for NAT. Out of 134 cases of solo HBV-DNA positive samples, 96.27% (129/134) samples had S/CO values below 0.4, overlapped with negative samples, and were far from 0.8. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to set gray area for these two HBsAg ELISA reagents. The gray area value setting to 0.8 CO corresponds to poor reagent sensitivity. The best cutoff value would be selected according to the ROC curve: 0.49 CO in Reagent A and 0.27 CO in Reagent B. Gray area has no obvious effect on screening of single-virus NAT-yield sample.

Research Progress of Anti-Reflux Biliary Stent / 医用生物力学

Biliary stent is an effective method for treating malignant biliary obstruction. However, duodenobiliary reflux is commonly found after conventional biliary stent, which causes complications such as biliary retrograde infection and stent blockage, and seriously reduces the quality of patients’ life. At present, anti-reflux biliary stent is considered as a promising palliative treatment method taking drainage and preventing duodenobiliary reflux into account. In this paper, research status of anti-reflux biliary stent was reviewed, and key problems such as design and evaluation of anti-reflux valve, valve and stent connection design, biomechanical analysis of anti-reflux biliary stent were mainly summarized. The current research progress and trend of anti-reflux biliary stent were summarized and analyzed.

Application value of hybrid approach in laparoscopic radical resection of left hemicolon cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of hybrid approach in laparoscopic radical resection of left hemicolon cancer.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 96 patients with left hemicolon cancer who were admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital between January 2015 and March 2018 were collected. There were 52 males and 44 females, aged from 29 to 75 years, with an average age of 61 years. Patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection of left hemicolon cancer. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations and postoperative recovery; (2) postoperative pathological examination; (3) postoperative chemotherapy; (4) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival, tumor recurrence and metastasis of patients up to October 2019. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations and postoperative recovery: all the 96 patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection of left hemicolon cancer with hybrid approach. Of 96 patients, 5 underwent laparoscopic multiple organ resection including 2 combined with splenectomy, 2 combined with gastric wall wedge resection, 1 combined with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy; 7 underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery including 5 undergoing multiple organ resection due to tumor invasion, 2 combined with terminal ileostomy due to poor exposure caused by severe obstruction in proximal intestinal canal; 84 underwent laparoscopic-assisted surgery. There was no intraoperative conversion to laparotomy. Of 96 patients, 3 received posterior ileum anastomosis, 2 received rotating ascending colon anastomosis, 91 received in situ anastomosis. Operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and time to first flatus were 140 minutes (range, 70-250 minutes), 50 mL (range, 30-140 mL), 2 days (range, 1-4 days), respectively. Of 96 patients, 5 had postoperative incision infection, 5 had pulmonary infection, 3 had adhesive intestinal obstruction, 1 had anastomotic leakage, and they were cured after conservative treatment. Duration of postoperative hospital stay of the 96 patients was 8 days(range, 5-27 days). (2) Postoperative pathological examination: of the 96 patients, the number of lymph nodes dissected and length of surgical specimen were 19 (range, 13-25) and 35 cm (range, 25-50 cm). All the 96 patients had negative surgical margin. Pathological T staging of 96 patients: 5 patients were in pT1 stage, 46 in pT2 stage, 37 in pT3 stage, 8 in pT4 stage. Pathological N staging of 96 patients: 32 patients were in pN0 stage, 47 in pN1 stage, 17 in pN2 stage. Pathological types of 96 patients: 7 patients had mucinous adenocarcinoma, 16 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 46 had moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 27 had well differentiated adenocarcinoma. (3) Postoperative chemotherapy: 68 of the 96 patients underwent standard chemotherapy of XELOX regimen, and 28 had no chemotherapy. (4) Follw-up: 86 patients were followed up for 19-58 months, with a median time of 11 months. During the follow-up, all the 86 patients survived, of which 82 had no tumor recurrence, 3 survived with tumor after detection of liver metastasis, and 1 survived with tumor after detection of liver and pulmonary metastasis.Conclusion:The hybrid approach is safe and feasible in the laparoscopic radical resection of left hemicolon cancer.

Hand-assisted laparoscopic vs laparoscopic assisted surgery for Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical curative effect and prognosis of hand-assisted laparoscopic (HALS) and laparoscopic assisted surgery for Siewert Ⅱ,Ⅲ gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (AEG).Methods A retrospective analysis of 105 patients with advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG between Jan 2012 and Jan 2013 was made on the operation time,amount of blood loss,number of lymph nodes dissected,postoperative complications,postoperative hospital stay and postoperative 5-year survival rate.Results HALS resulted in significantly shorter operation time and the average postoperative hospital stay [(203±54) min比(283±72) min,t=-4.902,P=0;(10±4) d 比(13±3)d,t=-0.939,P =0.002] for advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and Ⅲ AEG.There was no conversion to open surgery in HALS group,while there was 3 cases in laparoscopy assisted surgery group (x2 =4.118,P =0.042).5 year overall survival (OS) in HALS group was 46.7％ (95％ CI39.98-53.88),and it was 60.9％ for stage Ⅱ patients 37.8％ for stage Ⅲ.5 years OS rate was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion HALS compared with laparoscopy assisted surgery in the treatment of advanced Siewert type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ AEG has shorter operation time,higher safety operation,shorter postoperative recovery time.The number of patients with postoperative complications and the 5-year survival rate after surgery are not significantly different between the two groups.

Investigation of treatment and analysis of prognostic risk on enterocutaneous fistula in China: a multicenter prospective study / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) in China, and to explore the prognostic factors of ECF.@*Methods@#A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Registration System of Chinese Gastrointestinal Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Infections to collect the clinical data of ECF patients from 54 medical centers in 22 provinces/municipalities from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The clinical data included patient gender, age, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, underlying diseases, primary diseases, direct causes of ECF, location and type of ECF, complications, treatment and outcomes. All medical records were carefully filled in by the attending physicians, and then re-examined by more than two specialists. The diagnosis of ECF was based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory/imaging findings and intraoperative exploration.@*Results@#A total of 1521 patients with ECF were enrolled, including 1099 males and 422 females, with a median age of 55 years. The top three primary diseases of ECF were malignant tumors in 626 cases (41.2%, including 540 gastrointestinal tumors, accounting for 86.3% of malignant tumors), gastrointestinal ulcers and perforations in 202 cases (13.3%), and trauma in 157 cases (10.3%). The direct causes of ECF were mainly surgical operation in 1194 cases (78.5%), followed by trauma in 156 (10.3%), spontaneous fistula due to Crohn′s disease in 92 (6.0%), radiation intestinal injury in 41 (2.7%), severe pancreatitis in 20 (1.3%), endoscopic treatment in 13 (0.9%) and 5 cases (0.3%) of unknown reasons. All the patients were divided into three groups: 1350 cases (88.7%) with simple ECF, 150 (9.9%) with multiple ECF, and 21 (1.4%) with combined internal fistula. Among the patients with simple ECF, 438 cases (28.8%) were jejuno-ileal fistula, 313 (20.6%) colon fistula, 170 (11.2%) rectal fistula, 111 (7.3%) duodenal fistula, 76 (5.0%) ileocecal fistula, 65 (4.3%) ileocolic anastomotic fistula, 55 (3.6%) duodenal stump fistula, 36 (2.4%) gastrointestinal anastomotic fistula, 36 (2.4%) esophagogastric/esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula, 29 (1.9%) gastric fistula and 21 (1.4%) cholangiopancreatiointestinal. Among all the simple ECF patients, 991 were tubular fistula and 359 were labial fistula. A total of 1146 patients finished the treatment, of whom 1061 (92.6%) were healed (586 by surgery and 475 self-healing) and 85 (7.4%) died. A total of 1043 patients (91.0%) received nutritional support therapy, and 77 (6.7%) received fistuloclysis. Infectious source control procedures were applied to 1042 patients, including 711 (62.0%) with active lavage and drainage and 331 (28.9%) with passive drainage. Among them, 841 patients (73.4%) underwent minimally invasive procedures of infectious source control (replacement of drainage tube through sinus tract, puncture drainage, etc.), 201 (17.5%) underwent laparotomy drainage, while 104 (9.1%) did not undergo any drainage measures. A total of 610 patients (53.2%) received definitive operation, 24 patients died within postoperative 30-day with mortality of 3.9% (24/610), 69 (11.3%) developed surgical site infection (SSI), and 24 (3.9%) had a relapse of fistula. The highest cure rate was achieved in ileocecal fistula (100%), followed by rectal fistula (96.2%, 128/133) and duodenal stump fistula (95.7%,44/46). The highest mortality was found in combined internal fistula (3/12) and no death in ileocecal fistula. Univariate prognostic analysis showed that primary diseases as Crohn′s disease (χ2=6.570, P=0.010) and appendicitis/appendiceal abscess (P=0.012), intestinal fistula combining with internal fistula (χ2=5.460, P=0.019), multiple ECF (χ2=7.135, P=0.008), esophagogastric / esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula (χ2=9.501, P=0.002), ECF at ileocecal junction (P=0.012), non-drainage/passive drainage before the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ2=9.688, P=0.008), non-drainage/passive drainage after the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ2=9.711, P=0.008), complicating with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (χ2=179.699, P<0.001), sepsis (χ2=211.851, P<0.001), hemorrhage (χ2=85.300, P<0.001), pulmonary infection (χ2=60.096, P<0.001), catheter-associated infection (χ2=10.617, P=0.001) and malnutrition (χ2=21.199, P<0.001) were associated with mortality. Multivariate prognostic analysis cofirmed that sepsis (OR=7.103, 95%CI:3.694-13.657, P<0.001), complicating with MODS (OR=5.018, 95%CI:2.170-11.604, P<0.001), and hemorrhage (OR=4.703, 95%CI: 2.300-9.618, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of the death for ECF patients. Meanwhile, active lavage and drainage after the definite ECF diagnosis was the protective factor (OR=0.223, 95%CI: 0.067-0.745, P=0.015).@*Conclusions@#The overall mortality of ECF is still high. Surgical operation is the most common cause of ECF. Complications e.g. sepsis, MODS, hemorrhage, and catheter-associated infection, are the main causes of death. Active lavage and drainage is important to improve the prognosis of ECF.

Expression of exosomal miR-122 in patients with hepatitis C and its clinical function / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the expression and the clinical function of exosomal miR-122 in patients with hepatitis C (HCV). Methods Forty HCV patients (28 HCV-1b and 12 non-HCV-1b) were enrolled in this study, serum and exosomal miR-122 and other conventional biomarkers reflecting liver function were measured.20healthy subjects were enrolled as control.ResultsThe expressions of exosomal miR-122 in HCV-1b and nonHCV-1b groups were higher than that in healthy group, but the former was slightly higher than the latter.Exosomal miR-122 in HCV group was weakly negatively related to AST and ALT levels.The expression of exosomal miR-122was consistent with that of serum miR-122.Besides, the serum miR-122 in sustained virological response (SVR) group was higher than that in non-sustained virological response (NR) group (P＜0.05), but statistical difference of exosomal miR-122 between SVR and NR groups was not found. Conclusion In HCV patients, exosomal miR-122 may be useful in evaluating hepatic impairment, but it cannot be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Expression and correlation of Fra-1 and HMGA1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expressions of Fra-1 and HMGA1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation.@*Methods@#Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of HMGA1 and Fra-1 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues in 47 cases and para-carcinoma tissues in 21 cases(the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang). The relationship between the gene expressions in carcinoma tissues and clinopathological parameters such as pathological grade, clinical stage, lymph metastasis, age and anatomic site and the relevance of the two gene expressions were analyzed. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#The positive expression rates of Fra-1 and HMGA1 proteins in laryngeal squamous cancer tissue were 48.9% and 53.2%, which were respectively higher than the rates of 19.0% for Fra-1 (χ2=5.416, P<0.05) and of 23.8% for HMGA1 (χ2=5.083, P<0.05) in adjacent tissues. The expression of Fra-1 gene was correlation with pathological grade, clinical stage and lymph metastasis (t values were -1.079, -1.066 and -1.067, all P<0.05), but not with age and anatomic site (t values were -1.068 and -1.054, both P>0.05). The expression of HMGA1 gene was correlation with pathological grade, clinical stage, lymph metastasis and age (t values were -1.112, -1.065, -1.009 and -1.066, all P<0.05), but not with anatomic site (t=-1.036, P>0.05). The expressions of Fra-1 and HMGA1 gene were positively correlation (r=0.672, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#In laryngeal squamous cancer, Fra-1 and HMGA1 are excessive expression, with a positive correlation between the expressions of both genes.

Clinical Observation of Lornoxicam in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of celecoxib in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and its ef-fects on patin degree. METHODS:One hundred and twenty cases of knee osteoarthritis were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2014 to Jan. 2016,and then divided into control group and observation group according to therapy plan,with 60 cases in each group. Control group was given Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule 0.3 g,bid;observation group was additionally given lornoxi-cam 8 mg,bid,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. VAS score was compared between 2 groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in VAS score between 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment,VAS score of 2 groups were de-creased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Clinical response rate of observation group was 95.0%,which was significantly higher than 75.0% of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of ADR was 3.33% in observation group,which was significantly lower than 11.67% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Lornoxicam is effective for knee osteoarthritis and can significantly improve pain with good safety.

Effect of emotional care based on intrinsic motivation theory on treatment desire of ovarian cyst surgery patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the influence of emotional care based on the intrinsic motivation theory in the treatment of patients with ovarian cyst.Methods From September 2014 to October 2016,106 patients with ovarian cysts admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and study group with 53 in each group.The control group and the study group received routine nursing and emotional care based on intrinsic motivation theory,respectively.The two groups were evaluated before and after the intervention using the stages of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale (SOCRATES).Result After intervention,the scores of cognitive sub-scale,hesitation sub-scale and act sub-scales of the study group were higher than those of the control group, with significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion Emotional nursing based on intrinsic motivation theory is effective for the improved treatment of patients with ovarian cyst surgery,worth further promotion in clinic.

Aquaporin 8 expression in human placenta and fetal membrane / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Placenta and fetal membrane play an important role In maternal-fetal homeostasis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying water transfer across placenta and amniotic membrane remain unknown. It is hypothesized that maternal-fetal fluid exchanges via aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the placenta and fetal membrane.OBJECTIVE: To investigate AQP8 protein expression in normal human placenta and fetal membrane.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A control observation was performed at the Central Laboratory of Guangzhou Medical College from July to December 2005.MATERIALS: Human placenta and fetal membrane tissues from 5 elective cesarean section deliveries of normal term pregnancies (range 37-42 weeks) were studied. Maternal age averaged (27?) years old. Experimental protocol was approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee.METHODS: Thirty minutes after delivery, fetal membrane and placenta were dissected and washed with sterile physiological saline. Some were frozen at -80?, and the remaining tissues were fixed for 24-48 hours with 10% neutral formalin and paraffin embedded for immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: AQP8 expression and distribution in human placenta and fetal membrane were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis.RESULTS: RT-PCR results showed that AQP8 mRNA was expressed in both placenta and fetal membrane tissues. Western blotting analysis also yielded positive results in placenta and fetal membrane with a specific band site at approximately 45 000.Immunohistochemistry results revealed that AQP8 protein was expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts, amniotic epithelial cells, and chorion cytotrophoblasts.CONCLUSION: At protein level, AQP8 is expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts, amniotic epithelial cells, and chorion cytotrophoblasts.

Purification of adipose tissues prior to primary culture of stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells receive a high attention in tissue engineering research. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells lack of specific surface marker, there is no effective purified method. Purified adipose is a simple method to elevate purify of stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To analyze how to purify adipose tissues before primary culture of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The controlled animal experiment was performed at the Shanghai Animal Center of Experimental Medicine of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital between December 2007 and March 2008. MATERIALS: Four-week old Sprague Dawley rats were used for obtaining adipose tissues from the inguinal groove. METHODS: Adipose tissues from rat inguinal groove were dissected to educe superficial blood vessel and blood vessel branches. Both blood vessel inside and elliptic nodal tissues surrounding blood vessels were excised. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stained elliptic nodal tissues stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin were observed with a microscope to make sure what kind of tissues they are. The purified adipose tissues and unpurified adipose tissues were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin. The differences in their tissue construction were observed using the microscope. RESULTS: Elliptic nodal tissues stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin were proved to be lymphatic tissues. The tissue construction of purified adipose tissues was pure, and the cellular component was simple. Conversely, the tissue construction of unpurified adipose tissues was complicated, and cells were various with complicated components. CONCLUSION: The component of adipose tissues used to primary cultured adipose tissue-derived stem cells is complicated. As resection of superficial blood vessel, skin and muscle tissues, blood vessel inside tissues and lymphatic tissues should also be excised.

Pathogens and Drug Resistance in Intensive Care Unit Patients / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and the extent of drug resistance in ICU patients,and offer the first-hand information to the clinical preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibility tests to 28 commonly used antibiotics were performed using the ATB Expression of Bio-Merieux with K-B method.The ESBLs were detected by the disk diffusion tests and the confirmatory tests,and the MRSA,MRCNS,and VRE were also tested at the sametime. RESULTS Totally 264 strains were isolated from the 201 positive samples,among them 192 strains were Gram-negative bacteria,43 strains were Gram-positive ones,and 29 strains were fungi.The percentage of these three groups were 72.7%,16.3% and 11.0%,respectively.The main strains of the Gram-negative bacteria were PAE,ABA,KPN,ECO and SMA,and of the Gram-positive bacteria were EC,SAU and CNS.The major strain of fungi was C.albicans.The pathogens tested showed high drug resistance.The Gram-negative bacteria showed tendency of sensitivity to IPM,AZT,CAZ,FEP,SFC,AMK and CIP,and the Gram-positive bacteria to VAN,SXT,RIF and NIF.For KPN and ECO,the percentage of strains producing ESBLs were 64.7% and 64.3%.And the percentage of MRSA,MRCNS,VRE were 80%,66.7% and 22.2%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS It was showed that the major pathogens infected the ICU patients are Gram-negative bacteria,and the pathogens show the high drug resistance.Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile in order to decrease the incidence of drug resistance and use the antibiotics properly.

Relationship between BMD and Zn, Cu, Ca levels in the hair and meal in elderly people / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and Zn, Cu, Ca levels in the meal and hair of urban and rural elderly people were studied. 470 subjects above 60 years old (urban 205 and rural 265), 178 males with an average age of 65.70 +/- 3.48 and 292 females with an average age of 65.90 +/- 4.02, were inquired. The BMD and Zn, Cu, Ca levels in the meal and hair were measured. The detected BMD in urban and rural female old people was significantly lower than that of the males; The contents of Ca and Zn in the meal of the urban females were significantly lower than those of the urban males; The Ca, Zn in the meal and Zn in the hair of the rural females were significantly lower than those of rural males (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The BMD, Ca intakes, Ca and Zn in the hair of the rural old people were significantly lower than those of the urban old people (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There was a correlation between BMD with the Ca, Zn of the hair and dietary Ca, Zn, Cu or between dietary Zn with Ca, Zn in the hair and Ca, Cu intakes. The Zn, Cu and Ca levels in the meal nutrients were correlated with BMD to some degrees. Lack of Ca and Zn in the meal can cause the reduction of BMD.

Relationship between BMD and Zn, Cu, Ca Levels in the Hair and Meal in Elderly People / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and Zn, Cu, Ca levels in the meal and hair of urban and rural elderly people were studied. 470 subjects above 60 years old (urban 205 and rural 265), 178 males with an average age of 65.70±3.48 and 292 females with an average age of 65.90±4.02, were inquired. The BMD and Zn, Cu, Ca levels in the meal and hair were measured. The detected BMD in urban and rural female old people was significantly lower than that of the males; The contents of Ca and Zn in the meal of the urban females were significantly lower than those of the urban males; The Ca, Zn in the meal and Zn in the hair of the rural females were significantly lower than those of rural males (P＜ 0.05 or 0.01). The BMD, Ca intakes, Ca and Zn in the hair of the rural old people were significantly lower than those of the urban old people (P＜0.05 or 0.01). There was a correlation between BMD with the Ca, Zn of the hair and dietary Ca,Zn, Cu or between dietary Zn with Ca, Zn in the hair and Ca, Cu intakes. The Zn, Cu and Ca levels in the meal nutrients were correlated with BMD to some degrees. Lack of Ca and Zn in the meal can cause the reduction of BMD.

Detection and Plasmid Profile Analysis of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Burn Patients / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the biological and molecular biological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in burn patients in order to give the first hand information for preventing and controlling of hospital acquired infections.METHODS The identification was done by Bio-Merieux ATB expression.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed with K-B method.The plasmid DNA was extracted by Alkaline Lysis,and separated by electrophoresis on the gel.The ESBLs detection was based on NCCLS.RESULTS The K.pneumoniae from the burn patients and the environment were sensitive to CIP,FOX and IPM,but showed resistance to the rest 12 antibiotics.The plasmid DNA profile analysis showed 3 types,and the relative molecular mass was approximately 4.7?106,3.6?106 and 2.0?106.The molecular biological characteristics showed these pathogens were ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,which was different from the control bacteria.At the same time,the pathogens caused the original infection were detected,and they were accordingly Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pyogenes,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.CONCLUSIONS The outbreak in burn patients is caused by ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,which has the same antibiotic resistance spectrum and plasmid DNA profile.This ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae has the same origin.The pathogen might be transmitted by the case history clips and the door knobs.It was suggested that something must be done to enhance the antisepsis administration in order to prevent the hospital acquired infection.